Numarul numerelor libere de patrate

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Cezar Lupu
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Numarul numerelor libere de patrate

Post by Cezar Lupu »

Notam cu \( Q(n) \) numarul numerelor libere de patrate mai mici ca \( n \). Prelungim aceasta functie pentru \( x>0 \), adica

\( Q(x)=\sharp\{k \in \mathbb{N}^{\ast} \ : \ k \leq x, p^2 \nmid k\} \)

Sa se demonstreze ca pentru \( x>0 \) avem

\( Q(x)=\frac{6}{\pi^{2}}x+O(\sqrt{x}) \).

Observatie. Sigur, se poate demonstra, daca notam \( R(x)=Q(x)-\frac{6}{\pi^2}x \), ca \( |R(x)|\leq 0,5\sqrt{x}, \forall x\geq 8 \).
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Filip Chindea
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Post by Filip Chindea »

In primul rand sa "demascam" aceasta \( Q \):

\( Q(x) = \sum_{n \le x} \mu^2(x) = \sum_{d \le \sqrt{x}} \mu(d) \left[ \frac{x}{d^2} \right] \) (exercitiu!),

apoi expresia rezultata e egala cu

\( \sum_{d \le \sqrt{x}} \mu(d) \left( \frac{x}{d^2} + O(1) \right) = x \sum_{d \le \sqrt{x}} \frac{\mu(d)}{d^2} + O(\sqrt{x}) \),

deci in virtutea acestui topic este

\( \frac{6x}{\pi^2} + x \cdot O\left( \frac{1}{[\sqrt{x}] + 1} \right) + O(\sqrt{x}) = \frac{6x}{\pi^2} + O(\sqrt{x}) \). Astfel, aceste numere square-free au o densitate de \( \frac{6}{\pi^2} \), adica omniprezentul \( \frac{1}{\zeta(2)} \).
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